A Systematic Review on Attachment Styles and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Based Variables

Abstract

This study aims to examine the relationship between attachment styles and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)-based variables through a systematic review method. In this context, studies published between 2011 and 2026 were searched through Google Scholar, PubMed, and Google Academic databases and evaluated in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 70 studies were screened out of a total of 402 studies, and 15 studies that met the eligibility criteria were included in the review. The included studies consisted of randomized controlled, quasi-experimental, clinical, and correlational research designs. The findings indicate that attachment styles play a significant role in cognitive distortions, early maladaptive schemas, emotion regulation processes, and interpersonal relationships. In particular, insecure attachment styles were found to be significantly associated with dysfunctional cognitive structures and psychological problems, whereas secure attachment was associated with healthier cognitive processes and adaptive emotion regulation. Additionally, it was determined that CBT outcomes are influenced by attachment characteristics and that integrating attachment-based approaches enhances therapeutic effectiveness. In conclusion, attachment styles have a comprehensive impact on both individual cognitive processes and psychotherapy outcomes. Therefore, it is recommended that attachment styles be considered in clinical practice and that CBT interventions be supported with attachment-focused approaches.