Comparison of Cognitive Function In Adults Aged 65 and Over Engaged and Not Engaged In Formal Volunteering In Non-Governmental Organizations
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20571457Keywords:
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Depression, Physical performance, Volunteering, ElderlyAbstract
This study aimed to compare cognitive function, depression levels, and selected physical performance parameters among adults aged 65 years and older who were engaged in formal volunteering in non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and those who were not. In addition, the study sought to evaluate the potential contribution of volunteering activities to cognitive and physical health outcomes in older adults. This cross-sectional comparative study included a total of 107 adults aged 65 years and older. Participants were divided into two groups: formal volunteers (Group 2, n=37) and non-volunteers (Group 1, n=70). Data were collected using the Standardized Mini-Mental Test (SMMT) to assess cognitive function, the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) to evaluate depressive symptoms, handgrip strength measurements, a 6-meter timed up-and-go test, anthropometric measurements, and a structured questionnaire developed by the researchers. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, independent samples t-tests, Mann–Whitney U tests, Kruskal–Wallis tests, and correlation analyses were used to analyze the data. The mean years of education were significantly higher in the formal volunteer group (12.54 years) than in the non-volunteer group (8.34 years) (p<0.001). No statistically significant difference was found between the groups in terms of cognitive function scores (p=0.231). However, significant differences were observed in timed up-and-go test performance and GDS scores (p<0.001 for both). Correlation analyses revealed a significant positive association between waist circumference and cognitive function scores in both groups. Furthermore, handgrip strength was significantly associated with cognitive function only in the formal volunteer group. No significant difference in cognitive function was identified between older adults engaged in formal volunteering and those who were not. Nevertheless, formal volunteers demonstrated lower levels of depression and better physical performance. These findings suggest that participation in volunteering activities may contribute positively to psychological well-being and physical functioning in older adults and may represent a valuable strategy for promoting healthy aging.
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